16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Pdf

What is Vedic Mathematics?

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“Welcome to the Wonderful World of Vedic Mathematics”

Vedic mathematics was re-discovered from our ancient Veda by Jagadguru Shankaracharya Shri Bharti Krishna Tirthaji Maharaj (1884-1960).

Shri Bharti Krishnaji was born in March 1884, his childhood name was Venkatraman. He was extraordinary brilliant from his schooldays. In 1899 at the age of 15 Madras Sanskrit Association awarded him by the title Saraswathi.

Vedic mathematics contains 16 – Sutras & 13 – Sub-Sutras, which cover almost all the branches of mathematics. There are different shortcut tricks & formulas available for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square & square-root of number as well as cube & cube-root of number. We can also apply the sutras to solve simultaneous. Vedic Math Vedic Maths over 2000 years old Rediscovered in 20th century by Bharati Krishna Comprised of Sutras and sub-Sutras which are aphoristic formulas A system of Mental Mathematics Recommended Reference Book Vedic Mathematics – Teacher’s Manual - Elementary Level Kenneth R. Williams ISBN: 81-208-2774-0.

16 sutras of vedic maths pdf book

Tirthaji wrote the mathematical Sutras in Manuscript, that he discovered by long 8 years of Meditation (1911-1918). Unfortunately, that manuscript was lost. Finally, in 1957 in his old age in spite of having bad health condition & poor eyesight he re-wrote the Sutras by just memorizing it. He wanted to write more about it, but he suffered by Cataract in both of his eyes & went in a Samadhi in 1960.

Vedic mathematics contains 16 – Sutras & 13 – Sub-Sutras, which cover almost all the branches of mathematics. There are different shortcut tricks & formulas available for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square & square-root of number as well as cube & cube-root of number. We can also apply the sutras to solve simultaneous equations, Percentage calculations, factorization, Trigonometric calculations etc. It does not contain only the shortcut tricks but also develop the logical thinking. Difficult & lengthy problems can also solve by one-line formula that create child’s interest in mathematics.

We can divide the sutras in to two parts, general technique & specific technique. Where general technique is applicable to all combination of number & specific technique is applicable to a selected combination of number. General method to solve any mathematical problem is from right to left, but sutras work from left to right as naturally human brain works.

One can solve the sum by 3-4 different methods, so student must apply their own logic to select the easiest method, this leads to add interest, curiosity & creativity in math’s.

But without practicing, the effectiveness & simplicity of this method is incomplete.

I have read many books, studied the available websites on Vedic mathematics & also listened YouTube videos & then prepared the blogs of this website in a very easy way so that anyone can understand it in only one or two readings.

Benefits of Vedic Mathematics

* Fast and easy

* Useful for all age group

* Create student’s interest in math’s and eradicates fear and phobia of the subject.

* Sharpen kids mind and increase logical thinking.

* Even bigger digits problems are also solved in some seconds.

* It reduced dependence on calculators.

* Increase concentration in children.

List of the sutras compiled by Swamiji are-

Name of 16- Sutras-

1.Ekadhikina Purvena

Meaning: By one more than the previous.

2.Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah

Meaning: All from 9 & last from 10

3.Urdhva- Tiryagbyham

16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Pdf Download

Meaning: Vertically & crosswise

4.Paravarty Yojayet

Meaning: Transpose & Adjust

5.Shunyam Saamyasamuccaye

Meaning: When the sum is same the sum is zero

6.(Anurupye) Shunyamanyat

Meaning: If one is in ratio, the other is Zero.

7.sankalananVyavakalanabhyam

Meaning: By addition & by subtraction

8.Puranapuranabhyam

Meaning: By the completion or non-completion

9.Chalana-Kalanabyham

Meaning: Differences & Similarities

10.Yaavadunam

Meaning: Whatever the extent of its deficiency

11.Vyashtisamanstih

Meaning: Part & whole

12.Shesanyankena charamena

Meaning: The remainder by the last digit

13.Sopaantyadvayamantyam

Meaning: The ultimate & twice the Penultimate

14.Ekanyunena purvena

Meaning: By one less than the previous one

15.Gunitasamuchyah

Meaning: The product of the sum is equal to the sum of the product

16.Gunakasamuchyah

Meaning: The factor of the sum is equal to the sum of the factor

Name of 13 sub-sutras

1. Anurupyena

2. Sisyate Sesasamjnah

3. Adyamadyenantya-Mantyena

4. Kevalaih Saptakam Gunyat

5. Vestanam

6. Yavadunam Tavadunam

7. Yavadunam Tavadunikrtya varganca Yojayet

8. Antyayordasake’pi

9. Antyayoreva

10. Samuccayagunitah

11. Lopanasthapanabhyam

12. Vilokanam

13. Gunitasamuccayah: Samuccayagunitaj:

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Vedic Mathematics
CountryIndia
LanguageEnglish
SubjectMental calculation
PublisherMotilal Banarsidass
1965
ISBN978-8120801646
OCLC217058562

Vedic Mathematics is a book written by the Indian monkSwami Bharati Krishna Tirtha and first published in 1965. It contains a list of mental calculation techniques claimed to be based on the Vedas. The mental calculation system mentioned in the book is also known by the same name or as 'Vedic Maths'. Its characterization as 'Vedic' mathematics has been criticized by academics, who have also opposed its inclusion in the Indian school curriculum.

History[edit]

Although the book was first published in 1965, Tirthaji had been propagating the techniques since much earlier, through lectures and classes.[1] He wrote the book in 1957.[2]:10 It was published in 1965, five years after his death as 367 pages in forty chapters. Reprints were made in 1975 and 1978 with fewer typographical errors.[3] Several reprints have been made since the 1990s.[2]:6

Contents[edit]

The book contains sixteen sutras and fifteen sub-sutras, each of which lists a mental calculation technique. The sixteen sutras are as follows:[2]:11[4]

#NameUpa SutraMeaningCorollory
1Ekadhikena PurvenaAnurupyenaBy one more than the previous oneProportionately
2Nikhilam Navatashcaramam DashatahSisyate SesasamjnahAll from 9 and the last from 10The Remainder Remains Constant
3Urdhva-TiryagbyhamAdyamadyenantyamantyenaVertically and crosswiseThe First by the First and the Last by the Last
4Paraavartya YojayetKevalaih Saptakam GunyatTranspose and adjustFor 7 the Multiplicand is 143
5Shunyam SaamyasamuccayeVestanamWhen the sum is the same that sum is zeroBy Osculation
6Anurupye ShunyamanyatYavadunam TavadunamIf one is in ratio, the other is zeroLessen by the Deficiency
7Sankalana-vyavakalanabhyamYavadunam Tavadunikritya Varga YojayetBy addition and by subtractionWhatever the Deficiency lessen by that amount and set up the Square of the Deficiency
8PuranapuranabyhamAntyayordashake'piBy the completion or non-completionLast Totalling 10
9Chalana-KalanabyhamAntyayorevaDifferences and SimilaritiesOnly the Last Terms
10YaavadunamSamuccayagunitahWhatever the extent of its deficiencyThe Sum of the Products
11VyashtisamanstihLopanasthapanabhyamPart and WholeBy Alternate Elimination and Retention
12Shesanyankena CharamenaVilokanamThe remainders by the last digitBy Mere Observation
13SopaantyadvayamantyamGunitasamuccayah SamuccayagunitahThe ultimate and twice the penultimateThe Product of the Sum is the Sum of the Products
14Ekanyunena PurvenaDhvajankaBy one less than the previous one.On the Flag
15GunitasamuchyahDwandwa YogijiThe product of the sum is equal to the sum of the product.
16GunakasamuchyahAdyam Antyam MadhyamThe factors of the sum is equal to the sum of the factors

Criticism[edit]

Tirthaji claimed that he found the sutras after years of studying the Vedas, a set of sacred ancient Hindu scriptures. However, the Vedas do not contain any of the 'Vedic mathematics' sutras.[1][5] First, Tirthaji’s description of the mathematics as Vedic is most commonly criticised on the basis that, thus far, none of the sūtras can be found in any extant Vedic literature (Williams, 2000). When challenged by Professor K.S. Shukla to point out the sutras in question in the Parishishta of the Atharvaveda, Shukla reported that the Tirthaji said the sixteen sutras were not included in standard editions of the Parishishta and that they occurred in his own Parishishta and not any other.[6][7]

Professor Vasudeva Saran Agrawala, the editor of the first edition of Tirthaji's book, notes that there is no evidence that the sutras are 'Vedic', as such, in their origin.[2]:6 Similarly, S. G. Dani of IIT Bombay points out that the contents of the book have 'practically nothing in common' with the mathematics of the Vedic period or even with subsequent developments in Indian mathematics. For example, multiple techniques in the book involve the use of decimal fractions, which were not known during the Vedic times: even the works of later mathematicians such as Aryabhata, Brahmagupta and Bhaskara do not contain any decimal fractions. He contends that Tirthaji liberally interpreted three-word Sanskrit phrases to associate them with arithmetic.[1]

What Are The 16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths

Maths

Tirthaji's claim that the sutras are relevant to advanced mathematical techniques such as successive differentiation or analytical conics have also been dismissed by Dani. He terms 'ludicrous' Tirthaji's claim that 'there is no part of mathematics, pure or applied, which is beyond their jurisdiction'. He also points out that while Tirthaji's methods were not unique, they may have been invented by him independently, as Tirthaji held an MA in mathematics. Similar systems include the Trachtenberg system or the techniques mentioned in Lester Meyers's 1947 book High-speed Mathematics.[1]Alex Bellos points out that several of the calculation tricks can also be found in certain European treatises on calculation from the early Modern period.[8]

Use in schools[edit]

The book was previously included in the school syllabus of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.[2]:6 Some schools and organizations run by Hindu nationalist groups, including those outside India, have also included Tirthaji's techniques in their curriculum. The Hindu nationalists have also made several attempts to have Tirthaji's 'Vedic mathematics' system included in the Indian school curriculum via the NCERT books.

16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Ppt

A number of academics and mathematicians have opposed these attempts on the basis that the techniques mentioned in the book are simply arithmetic tricks, and not mathematics. They also pointed out that the term 'Vedic' mathematics is incorrect, and there are other texts that can be used to teach a correct account of the Indian mathematics during the Vedic period. They also criticized the move as a saffronization attempt to promote religious majoritarianism.[9][10]

16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Pdf Book

Dani points out that while Tirthaji's system could be used as a teaching aid, there was a need to prevent the use of 'public money and energy on its propagation, beyond the limited extent'. He pointed out that the authentic Vedic studies had been neglected in India even as Tirthaji's system received support from several Government and private agencies.[1]

Proponents of Vedic Mathematics however argue that the methods are not merely mathematical tricks and that there is an underlying psychology because the aphorisms describe personal approaches to problem-solving. As pedagogic tools, the methods are useful because they invite students to deal with strategies.[11]

References[edit]

16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Pdf Online

  1. ^ abcdeS. G. Dani (December 2006). 'Myths and reality : On ‘Vedic mathematics’'. Originally published as a 2-part article in Frontline, 22 October and 5 November 1993. The updated version appears in Kandasamy and Smarandache (2006).
  2. ^ abcdeW.B. Vasantha Kandasamy; Florentin Smarandache (December 2006). Vedic Mathematics: Vedic Or Mathematics: A Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Analysis(PDF). American Research Press. ISBN978-1-59973-004-2. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  3. ^Biographical sketch by Manjula Trivedi, 1965 in book Vedic Mathematics, pages x, xi.
  4. ^R. K. Thakur (1 November 2009). Vedic Mathematics. Unicorn and Dragon Books. ISBN978-81-7806-177-1. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  5. ^The Fraud of Vedic Maths. Hartosh Singh Bal. Open Magazine. 14 August 2010.
  6. ^K.S. Shukla, Vedic mathematics — the illusive title of Swamiji’s book, Mathematical Education, Vol 5: No. 3, January–March 1989
  7. ^K.S. Shukla, Mathematics — The Deceptive Title of Swamiji’s Book, in Issues in Vedic Mathematics, (ed: H.C.Khare), Rashtriya Veda Vidya Prakashan and Motilal Banarasidass Publ., 1991.
  8. ^Alex Bellos (2010). '3'. Alex's Adventures in Numberland. Bloomsbury.
  9. ^Neither Vedic nor Mathematics
  10. ^Legitimisation of Vedic mathematics, astrology opposed. The Hindu, 14 August 2001.
  11. ^Glover, James (17 October 2014). 'Everything Vedic in 'Vedic Maths''. The Hindu. Retrieved 4 January 2016.

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