What is Vedic Mathematics?
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“Welcome to the Wonderful World of Vedic Mathematics”
Vedic mathematics was re-discovered from our ancient Veda by Jagadguru Shankaracharya Shri Bharti Krishna Tirthaji Maharaj (1884-1960).
Shri Bharti Krishnaji was born in March 1884, his childhood name was Venkatraman. He was extraordinary brilliant from his schooldays. In 1899 at the age of 15 Madras Sanskrit Association awarded him by the title Saraswathi.
Vedic mathematics contains 16 – Sutras & 13 – Sub-Sutras, which cover almost all the branches of mathematics. There are different shortcut tricks & formulas available for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square & square-root of number as well as cube & cube-root of number. We can also apply the sutras to solve simultaneous. Vedic Math Vedic Maths over 2000 years old Rediscovered in 20th century by Bharati Krishna Comprised of Sutras and sub-Sutras which are aphoristic formulas A system of Mental Mathematics Recommended Reference Book Vedic Mathematics – Teacher’s Manual - Elementary Level Kenneth R. Williams ISBN: 81-208-2774-0.
Tirthaji wrote the mathematical Sutras in Manuscript, that he discovered by long 8 years of Meditation (1911-1918). Unfortunately, that manuscript was lost. Finally, in 1957 in his old age in spite of having bad health condition & poor eyesight he re-wrote the Sutras by just memorizing it. He wanted to write more about it, but he suffered by Cataract in both of his eyes & went in a Samadhi in 1960.
Vedic mathematics contains 16 – Sutras & 13 – Sub-Sutras, which cover almost all the branches of mathematics. There are different shortcut tricks & formulas available for addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square & square-root of number as well as cube & cube-root of number. We can also apply the sutras to solve simultaneous equations, Percentage calculations, factorization, Trigonometric calculations etc. It does not contain only the shortcut tricks but also develop the logical thinking. Difficult & lengthy problems can also solve by one-line formula that create child’s interest in mathematics.
We can divide the sutras in to two parts, general technique & specific technique. Where general technique is applicable to all combination of number & specific technique is applicable to a selected combination of number. General method to solve any mathematical problem is from right to left, but sutras work from left to right as naturally human brain works.
One can solve the sum by 3-4 different methods, so student must apply their own logic to select the easiest method, this leads to add interest, curiosity & creativity in math’s.
But without practicing, the effectiveness & simplicity of this method is incomplete.
I have read many books, studied the available websites on Vedic mathematics & also listened YouTube videos & then prepared the blogs of this website in a very easy way so that anyone can understand it in only one or two readings.
Benefits of Vedic Mathematics
* Fast and easy
* Useful for all age group
* Create student’s interest in math’s and eradicates fear and phobia of the subject.
* Sharpen kids mind and increase logical thinking.
* Even bigger digits problems are also solved in some seconds.
* It reduced dependence on calculators.
* Increase concentration in children.
List of the sutras compiled by Swamiji are-
Name of 16- Sutras-
1.Ekadhikina Purvena
Meaning: By one more than the previous.
2.Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah
Meaning: All from 9 & last from 10
3.Urdhva- Tiryagbyham
16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Pdf Download
Meaning: Vertically & crosswise
4.Paravarty Yojayet
Meaning: Transpose & Adjust
5.Shunyam Saamyasamuccaye
Meaning: When the sum is same the sum is zero
6.(Anurupye) Shunyamanyat
Meaning: If one is in ratio, the other is Zero.
7.sankalananVyavakalanabhyam
Meaning: By addition & by subtraction
8.Puranapuranabhyam
Meaning: By the completion or non-completion
9.Chalana-Kalanabyham
Meaning: Differences & Similarities
10.Yaavadunam
Meaning: Whatever the extent of its deficiency
11.Vyashtisamanstih
Meaning: Part & whole
12.Shesanyankena charamena
Meaning: The remainder by the last digit
13.Sopaantyadvayamantyam
Meaning: The ultimate & twice the Penultimate
14.Ekanyunena purvena
Meaning: By one less than the previous one
15.Gunitasamuchyah
Meaning: The product of the sum is equal to the sum of the product
16.Gunakasamuchyah
Meaning: The factor of the sum is equal to the sum of the factor
Name of 13 sub-sutras
1. Anurupyena
2. Sisyate Sesasamjnah
3. Adyamadyenantya-Mantyena
4. Kevalaih Saptakam Gunyat
5. Vestanam
6. Yavadunam Tavadunam
7. Yavadunam Tavadunikrtya varganca Yojayet
8. Antyayordasake’pi
9. Antyayoreva
10. Samuccayagunitah
11. Lopanasthapanabhyam
12. Vilokanam
13. Gunitasamuccayah: Samuccayagunitaj:
Learn more from given link-
| Country | India |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Subject | Mental calculation |
| Publisher | Motilal Banarsidass |
| 1965 | |
| ISBN | 978-8120801646 |
| OCLC | 217058562 |
Vedic Mathematics is a book written by the Indian monkSwami Bharati Krishna Tirtha and first published in 1965. It contains a list of mental calculation techniques claimed to be based on the Vedas. The mental calculation system mentioned in the book is also known by the same name or as 'Vedic Maths'. Its characterization as 'Vedic' mathematics has been criticized by academics, who have also opposed its inclusion in the Indian school curriculum.
History[edit]
Although the book was first published in 1965, Tirthaji had been propagating the techniques since much earlier, through lectures and classes.[1] He wrote the book in 1957.[2]:10 It was published in 1965, five years after his death as 367 pages in forty chapters. Reprints were made in 1975 and 1978 with fewer typographical errors.[3] Several reprints have been made since the 1990s.[2]:6
Contents[edit]
The book contains sixteen sutras and fifteen sub-sutras, each of which lists a mental calculation technique. The sixteen sutras are as follows:[2]:11[4]
| # | Name | Upa Sutra | Meaning | Corollory |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ekadhikena Purvena | Anurupyena | By one more than the previous one | Proportionately |
| 2 | Nikhilam Navatashcaramam Dashatah | Sisyate Sesasamjnah | All from 9 and the last from 10 | The Remainder Remains Constant |
| 3 | Urdhva-Tiryagbyham | Adyamadyenantyamantyena | Vertically and crosswise | The First by the First and the Last by the Last |
| 4 | Paraavartya Yojayet | Kevalaih Saptakam Gunyat | Transpose and adjust | For 7 the Multiplicand is 143 |
| 5 | Shunyam Saamyasamuccaye | Vestanam | When the sum is the same that sum is zero | By Osculation |
| 6 | Anurupye Shunyamanyat | Yavadunam Tavadunam | If one is in ratio, the other is zero | Lessen by the Deficiency |
| 7 | Sankalana-vyavakalanabhyam | Yavadunam Tavadunikritya Varga Yojayet | By addition and by subtraction | Whatever the Deficiency lessen by that amount and set up the Square of the Deficiency |
| 8 | Puranapuranabyham | Antyayordashake'pi | By the completion or non-completion | Last Totalling 10 |
| 9 | Chalana-Kalanabyham | Antyayoreva | Differences and Similarities | Only the Last Terms |
| 10 | Yaavadunam | Samuccayagunitah | Whatever the extent of its deficiency | The Sum of the Products |
| 11 | Vyashtisamanstih | Lopanasthapanabhyam | Part and Whole | By Alternate Elimination and Retention |
| 12 | Shesanyankena Charamena | Vilokanam | The remainders by the last digit | By Mere Observation |
| 13 | Sopaantyadvayamantyam | Gunitasamuccayah Samuccayagunitah | The ultimate and twice the penultimate | The Product of the Sum is the Sum of the Products |
| 14 | Ekanyunena Purvena | Dhvajanka | By one less than the previous one. | On the Flag |
| 15 | Gunitasamuchyah | Dwandwa Yogiji | The product of the sum is equal to the sum of the product. | |
| 16 | Gunakasamuchyah | Adyam Antyam Madhyam | The factors of the sum is equal to the sum of the factors |
Criticism[edit]
Tirthaji claimed that he found the sutras after years of studying the Vedas, a set of sacred ancient Hindu scriptures. However, the Vedas do not contain any of the 'Vedic mathematics' sutras.[1][5] First, Tirthaji’s description of the mathematics as Vedic is most commonly criticised on the basis that, thus far, none of the sūtras can be found in any extant Vedic literature (Williams, 2000). When challenged by Professor K.S. Shukla to point out the sutras in question in the Parishishta of the Atharvaveda, Shukla reported that the Tirthaji said the sixteen sutras were not included in standard editions of the Parishishta and that they occurred in his own Parishishta and not any other.[6][7]
Professor Vasudeva Saran Agrawala, the editor of the first edition of Tirthaji's book, notes that there is no evidence that the sutras are 'Vedic', as such, in their origin.[2]:6 Similarly, S. G. Dani of IIT Bombay points out that the contents of the book have 'practically nothing in common' with the mathematics of the Vedic period or even with subsequent developments in Indian mathematics. For example, multiple techniques in the book involve the use of decimal fractions, which were not known during the Vedic times: even the works of later mathematicians such as Aryabhata, Brahmagupta and Bhaskara do not contain any decimal fractions. He contends that Tirthaji liberally interpreted three-word Sanskrit phrases to associate them with arithmetic.[1]
What Are The 16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths
Tirthaji's claim that the sutras are relevant to advanced mathematical techniques such as successive differentiation or analytical conics have also been dismissed by Dani. He terms 'ludicrous' Tirthaji's claim that 'there is no part of mathematics, pure or applied, which is beyond their jurisdiction'. He also points out that while Tirthaji's methods were not unique, they may have been invented by him independently, as Tirthaji held an MA in mathematics. Similar systems include the Trachtenberg system or the techniques mentioned in Lester Meyers's 1947 book High-speed Mathematics.[1]Alex Bellos points out that several of the calculation tricks can also be found in certain European treatises on calculation from the early Modern period.[8]
Use in schools[edit]
The book was previously included in the school syllabus of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.[2]:6 Some schools and organizations run by Hindu nationalist groups, including those outside India, have also included Tirthaji's techniques in their curriculum. The Hindu nationalists have also made several attempts to have Tirthaji's 'Vedic mathematics' system included in the Indian school curriculum via the NCERT books.
16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Ppt
A number of academics and mathematicians have opposed these attempts on the basis that the techniques mentioned in the book are simply arithmetic tricks, and not mathematics. They also pointed out that the term 'Vedic' mathematics is incorrect, and there are other texts that can be used to teach a correct account of the Indian mathematics during the Vedic period. They also criticized the move as a saffronization attempt to promote religious majoritarianism.[9][10]
16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Pdf Book
Dani points out that while Tirthaji's system could be used as a teaching aid, there was a need to prevent the use of 'public money and energy on its propagation, beyond the limited extent'. He pointed out that the authentic Vedic studies had been neglected in India even as Tirthaji's system received support from several Government and private agencies.[1]
Proponents of Vedic Mathematics however argue that the methods are not merely mathematical tricks and that there is an underlying psychology because the aphorisms describe personal approaches to problem-solving. As pedagogic tools, the methods are useful because they invite students to deal with strategies.[11]
References[edit]
16 Sutras Of Vedic Maths Pdf Online
- ^ abcdeS. G. Dani (December 2006). 'Myths and reality : On ‘Vedic mathematics’'. Originally published as a 2-part article in Frontline, 22 October and 5 November 1993. The updated version appears in Kandasamy and Smarandache (2006).
- ^ abcdeW.B. Vasantha Kandasamy; Florentin Smarandache (December 2006). Vedic Mathematics: Vedic Or Mathematics: A Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Analysis(PDF). American Research Press. ISBN978-1-59973-004-2. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^Biographical sketch by Manjula Trivedi, 1965 in book Vedic Mathematics, pages x, xi.
- ^R. K. Thakur (1 November 2009). Vedic Mathematics. Unicorn and Dragon Books. ISBN978-81-7806-177-1. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ^The Fraud of Vedic Maths. Hartosh Singh Bal. Open Magazine. 14 August 2010.
- ^K.S. Shukla, Vedic mathematics — the illusive title of Swamiji’s book, Mathematical Education, Vol 5: No. 3, January–March 1989
- ^K.S. Shukla, Mathematics — The Deceptive Title of Swamiji’s Book, in Issues in Vedic Mathematics, (ed: H.C.Khare), Rashtriya Veda Vidya Prakashan and Motilal Banarasidass Publ., 1991.
- ^Alex Bellos (2010). '3'. Alex's Adventures in Numberland. Bloomsbury.
- ^Neither Vedic nor Mathematics
- ^Legitimisation of Vedic mathematics, astrology opposed. The Hindu, 14 August 2001.
- ^Glover, James (17 October 2014). 'Everything Vedic in 'Vedic Maths''. The Hindu. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
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